Mutilation/Coupure génítale féminine

Dernière modification: October 30, 2010

Ce contenu est disponible dans

Les options
Les options

African Charter on Human and People’s Rights (the Banjul Charter), Organization of African Unity, adopted June 27, 1981, OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M. 58 (1982), entered into force Oct. 21, 1986. http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/z1afchar.htm

 

African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (African Charter) Organization of African Unity, OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/24.9/49 (1990), entered into force Nov. 29, 1999.  http://www.africa-union.org/Official_documents/Treaties_%20Conventions_%20Protocols/A.%20C.%20ON%20THE%20RIGHT%20AND%20WELF%20OF%20CHILD.pdf.

 

Anika Rahman & Nahid Toubia, Female Genital Mutilation: A Guide to Laws and Policies Worldwide, (Zed Books, 2000).

 

Asylum Law and Female Genital Mutilation: Recent Developments, Yule Kim, CRS Report for Congress, 15 February 2008.

 

Australia, Victoria, Crimes Act 1958, 1958. http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/ca195882/s34.html

 

BBC, World: Europe: Woman Jailed for 48 Circumcisions, 17 February 1999. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/281026.stm

 

Burkina Faso, Penal Code, Art. 380. http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/fgm-prov-b.htm

 

Cairo Declaration for the Elimination of FGM, 23 June 2003, Afro-Arab Expert Consultation on “Legal Tools for the Prevention of Female Genital Mutilation”. http://www.childinfo.org/files/fgmc_Cairodeclaration.pdf

 

Canada, Criminal Code, sec. 268, 2009. http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/C-46/section-268.html

 

Children’s Protection Act, Section 26B, South Australia, 1993.

http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/cpa1993229/s26b.html

 

Council of Europe Resolution 1247 on Female Genital Mutilation (2001).

http://assembly.coe.int/main.asp?Link=/documents/adoptedtext/ta01/eres1247.htm

 

CGRS Advice- Female Genital Cutting Asylum Cases, Center for Gender and Refugee Studies (October 2007).

 

Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: An Interagency Statement, by OCHCR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNECA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, WHO, published by WHO, 2008. http://www.unifem.org/attachments/products/fgm_statement_2008_eng.pdf

 

Ending Female Genital Mutilation:  A Strategy for the European Union Institutions, END FGM – European Campaign

http://www.endfgm.eu/en/

 

Equality Now, Equality Now Commends Kenyan Law Enforcement for Sentencing Circumciser and Father to 10 Years’ Imprisonment After Death of Maasai Girl, 20 April 2010. http://www.equalitynow.org/english/pressroom/press_releases/kenya_20100420_en.html

 

Equality Now, Women’s Action, Vol. 8, No. 4, Feb. 1998. http://www.equalitynow.org/english/actions/action_0804_en.html

 

European Network for the Prevention and Eradication of Harmful Traditional Practices

http://www.euronet-fgm.org/

 

European Parliament Resolution of 24 March 2009 on combating female genital mutilation in the EU (2008/2071(INI)) P6_TA(2009)0161.

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+TA+P6-TA-2009-0161+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN

 

European Parliament Resolution on Female Genital Mutilation, 2001/2035(INI). http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&reference=P5-TA-2001-0476&format=XML&language=EN

 

European Parliament Resolution of 16 January 2008:  Towards an EU strategy on the rights of the child, INI/2007/2093.

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+TA+P6-TA-2008-0012+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN

 

Egypt, Order No. 261 of 8 July 1996 of the Minister of Health and Population. http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/population/fgm/Egypt.fgm.htm

 

Female Genital Mutilation: A Matter of Human Rights – An Advocate’s Guide to Action, Center for Reproductive Rights, 2000. http://reproductiverights.org/sites/crr.civicactions.net/files/documents/FGM_final.pdf

 

The FGM Legislation Implemented:  Experiences from Sweden, Sara Johnsdotter, 2009.

http://www.uv.es/CEFD/17/Johnsdotter.pdf

 

France, Laws of France, 2009.

http://www.loc.gov/law/help/child-rights/france.php#Child%20Health%20and%20Social%20Welfare

 

France, Penal Code, 2010. http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=33&r=3691#art16207

 

Ghana, Children’s Act of 1998, 1998. http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/44bf86454.html

 

Ghana, Constitution.

http://www.ghanareview.com/Gconst.html.

 

Ghana, Criminal Code Sec. 69A, 1994. http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/population/fgm/ghana.fgm.htm

 

Global strategy to stop health-care providers from performing genital mutilation, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, WHO, FIGO, ICN, IOM, MWIA, WCPT, WMA, published by WHO 2010.

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2010/WHO_RHR_10.9_eng.pdf

 

Handbook for Legislation on Violence Against Women, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, UN Division for the Advancement of Women, 2009. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/vaw/handbook/Handbook%20for%20legislation%20on%20violence%20against%20women%20(advance).pdf

 

Hankkeen liitetiedot, Ventaan Nicehearts ry, Naisresurssikeskus Pihlaja.

http://www.nicehearts.com/hankkeet/daphne_iii_end_fgm_european_camp/hankkeen_liitetiedot/

 

Impact of a Female Genital Cutting Elimination Program in Eastern Nigeria, Stella Babalola. http://www.jhuccp.org/research/publications/FGCEVALUATIONREPORT.pdf

 

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

 

Ireland’s National Plan of Action to Address Female Genital Mutilation, 2008

http://www.ifpa.ie/eng/Media-Info-Centre/Publications/Publications-Reports/Ireland%E2%80%99s-National-Plan-of-Action-to-Address-Female-Genital-Mutilation2

 

Italy, La "Legge Consolo" 7/2006 (Consolo Law 7/2006), 2006.

http://www.studiperlapace.it/view_news_html?news_id=20060830114525

 

Kenya, Children Act of 2001, 2001.

http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47975f332.html

 

Model Strategies and Practical Measures on the Elimination of Violence Against Women in the Field of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy, March 1999. http://www.icclr.law.ubc.ca/Publications/Reports/VAWMANUA.PDF

 

Netherlands, The Interim Supplement to the Aliens Act Implementation Guidelines (TBV 2003/48), as described in Fourth Dutch Implementation Report on the UN Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW – UN Women’s Convention) 2000-2004

 

New Zealand, Crimes Act 1961 No. 43, sec. 204A (Female Genital Mutilation), Para. 4. http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1961/0043/latest/DLM329734.html

 

Norway, Act Relating to Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation, http://www.regjeringen.no/upload/kilde/hd/bro/2002/0002/ddd/pdfv/155539-engelsk.pdf

 

Norway, Action Plan for Combating Female Genital Mutilation, 2008-2011.   http://www.bufetat.no/Documents/Bufetatno-dokument/Vold_og_krisetiltak/Handlingsplan_kjnnsl_eng_nett.pdf

 

Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, Egypt, 13 September 1994.  http://www.unfpa.org/public/site/global/lang/en/pid/5065

 

Protecting Girls from Female Genital Mutilation and Harmful Practices:  Challenges and Opportunites for Legal Intervention in Africa, Report of a Regional Workshop, Nairobi, 24-28 July 2006.

 

Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol), African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, 11 July 2003. http://www.achpr.org/english/_info/women_en.html

 

Razor’s Edge – The Controversy of Female Genital Mutilation, IRIN In-Depth Web Special, March 2005. http://www.irinnews.org/pdf/in-depth/FGM-IRIN-In-Depth.pdf; http://www.irinnews.org/IndepthMain.aspx?IndepthId=15&ReportId=62462

 

A Religious Oriented Approach to Addressing Female Genital Mutilation/ Cutting among the Somali Community of Wajir, Kenya, Maryam Sheikh Abdi & Ian Askew, 2009.

http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/frontiers/reports/Kenya_Somali_FGC.pdf

 

Republic of Benin, Law No. 2003-3 on Repression of the Practice of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), 2003. http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/fgm-prov-b.htm

 

Salford Safeguarding Children Board Manual (2009) Appendix 1 – The Legal Framework of 4.1.13 Female Genital Mutilation. http://services.salford.gov.uk/sscb-manual/chapters/contents.htm

 

Senegal, Penal Code of Senegal Art. 299. 1999. http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/fgm-prov-p.htm

 

StopVAW, http://www.stopvaw.org/, retrieved 2009. http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/fgm-prov-p.htm

 

Sweden, Act (1982:316) on Prohibiting the Genital Mutilation of Women, 1982. http://www.sweden.gov.se/content/1/c6/02/56/50/57ffc446.pdf

 

Togo, Act No. 98-016 of November 17, 1998 Prohibiting Female Genital Mutilation, 1998. http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/population/fgm/togo.fgm.htm

 

“Towards a Consensus on Female Genital Mutilation in the European Union,” Final Report of the DAPHNE Project No. 97/2/096, 1997.

http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/daphnetoolkit/files/projects/1997_096/01_icrh_final_report_1997_096.pdf

 

United Kingdom, Female Genital Mutilation Act, 2003. http://sgdatabase.unwomen.org/uploads/United%20Kingdom%20-%20Female%20Genital%20Mutilation%20Act%202003.pdf

 

United Nations, Division for Advancement of Women, Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action: Fourth World Conference on Human Rights, A/Conf.177/20, 15 September 1995. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/platform/

 

Untied Nations, Commission on the Status of Women, Ending Female Genital Mutilation, E/CN.6.2010/L.8 (54th Session, 1-12 March 2010).

http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing15/outcomes/L%208_FGM_Advance%20unedited.pdf

 

United Nations, Convention of the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), General Assembly, 1979. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/text/econvention.htm

 

United Nations, Convention on the Rights of a Child, General Assembly resolution 44/25, 20 November 1989. http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm

 

United Nations, Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women, General Assembly A/RES/48/104, 20 Dec. 1993. http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(symbol)/a.res.48.104.en

 

United Nations, Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women, General Assembly General Recommendation 12. http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(symbol)/a.res.48.104.en

 

United Nations, Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women, General Assembly General Recommendation 19. http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(symbol)/a.res.48.104.en

 

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, Egypt, 13-15 September, 1994, in Report of the International Conference on Population and Development, UN Doc. A/CONF.171/13/Rev.I, 1995. http://www.unfpa.org/icpd/icpd-programme.cfm

 

United Nations, Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, General Recommendation No. 14, (9th Session, 1990). http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/recommendations/recomm.htm

 

United Nations, Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, General Recommendation No. 19, (9th Session, 1990). http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/recommendations/recomm.htm

 

United Nations, Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, General Recommendation No. 24, (20th Session, 1999). http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/recommendations/recomm.htm

 

United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), UN Committee on the Rights of the Child: Concluding Observations: Ethiopia, 24 January 1997, CRC/C/15/Add.67.  http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6af5b44.html

 

United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), UN Committee on the Rights of the Child: Concluding Observations: Sudan, 18 October 1993, CRC/C/15/Add.10.  http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6af038.html

 

United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), UN Committee on the Rights of the Child: Concluding Observations: Togo, 21 October 1997, CRC/C/15/Add.83.  http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6af5d0.html

 

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Division for the Advancement of Women, Handbook for Legislation on Violence Against Women, 2009. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/vaw/v-handbook.htm.

 

United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Expert Group Meeting on Good practices in legislation to address harmful practices against women, Background Paper for Expert Group Meeting on good practices in legislation to address harmful practices against women, EGM/GPLVAW/2009/BP 10 June 2009. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/vaw_legislation_2009/Background%20paper%20EGM%20(10.06.09)%20FINAL.pdf

 

United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Expert Group Meeting on Good practices in legislation to address harmful practices against women, Expert Paper - Harmful Traditional Practices in Europe: Judicial Interventions, Carole Ageng’o, May 2009.  http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/vaw_legislation_2009/Expert%20Paper%20EGMGPLHP%20_Carole%20Ageng'o%20revised_.pdf

 

United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Expert Group Meeting on Good practices in legislation to address harmful practices against women, Expert Paper - Overview of Legislation in the European Union to Address Female Gential Mutilation: Challenges and Recommendations for the Implementation of Laws, Leye, Els; Sabbe, Alexia, May 2009. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/vaw_legislation_2009/Expert%20Paper%20EGMGPLHP%20_Els%20Leye_.pdf

 

United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women, The UN Secretary-General’s database on violence against women, retrieved 2009. http://sgdatabase.unwomen.org/home.action

 

United Nations Economic and Social Council, UNICEF Child Protection Strategy, E/ICEF/2008/5/Rev.1, 2008. http://www.unicef.org/protection/files/CP_Strategy_English.pdf

 

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Guidance Note on Refugee Claims Relating to Female Genital Mutilation, May 2009.

http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a0c28492.html

 

United Nations Human Rights Committee (HRC), Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Committee: the Sudan, 29 August 2007, CCPR/C/SDN/CO/3.  http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/46e516f52.html

 

United Nations Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on Torture and other cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment, A/HRC/7/3, 15 January 2008.

http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G08/101/61/PDF/G0810161.pdf?OpenElement

 

United Nations Population Fund: Gender, Human Rights and Culture Branch, Global Consultation on Female Genital Mutilation, 2009. http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publications/2008/fgm_2008.pdf

 

United Nations Secretary-General’s Database on Violence against Women, First Case Regarding Female Genital Mutilation, 2009. http://sgdatabase.unwomen.org/searchDetail.action?measureId=30477

 

UN Secretary-General’s Study on Violence against Children, Information from Norway in response to the questionnaire, 2005. http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/bld/Documents/Reports-and-plans/Reports/2005/the-un-secretary-generals-study-on-viole.html?id=430075&epslanguage=en-GB

 

United Nations, Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, General Assembly Resolution 39/46, June 26, 1987. http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/h2catoc.htm

 

United Nations, General Assembly Resolutions and Secretary-General Reports on Traditional or Customary Practices affecting the Health of Women and Girls.      http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/vaw/v-work-ga.htm#nohealth

 

United Nations, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2200A [XX1], 16 December 1966. http://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/UN-covenant/

 

United Nations, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2200A (XXI), Jan. 3, 1976. http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cescr.htm

 

United Nations, Inter-Parliamentary Union, the world organisation of Parliaments, and UNICEF, Child protection:  A handbook for parliamentarians, 2004. http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Guide_Enfants_OK.pdf

 

United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, G.A. res. 217A (III), U.N. Doc A/810 at 71, 1948. http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/

 

United Nations, Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action of the World Conference on Human Rights, United Nations General Assembly, A/CONF.157/23, 12 July 1993.  http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(symbol)/A.CONF.157.23.En?OpenDocument

United States, 8 USC §1374 (2005) Information regarding female genital mutilation, 2005. http://law.onecle.com/uscode/8/1374.html

 

United States, California, California Penal Code, sec. 273.4(b), 2009. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=pen&group=00001-01000&file=270-273.75

 

United States, California, California Penal Code, Section 273a(a), 2009. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=pen&group=00001-01000&file=270-273.75

 

United States, California, California Penal Code, Section 273.4, 2009.   http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=pen&group=00001-01000&file=270-273.75

 

United States, Georgia, Georgia Criminal Code, Section 16-5-27 - Female Genital Mutilation (2006).  http://www.lexis-nexis.com/hottopics/gacode/

 

United States, Minnesota, Minn. Stat. § 144.3872 Female Genital Mutilation; Education and Outreach, 2005.

https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=144.3872

 

United States, Minnesota, Minn. Stat. 260C.163, 2009. https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=260C.163

 

United States, Minnesota, Minn. Stat. 609.2245 Female Genital Mutilation; Penalties, 2009.

https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=609.2245

 

United States, New York, New York Social Services Law sections 411 – 422-A. http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/nycode/SOS/6/6

 

Working Together to Safeguard Children, Department for Children, Schools, and Families, 2006. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/everychildmatters/resources-and-practice/IG00060/.

 

World Health Organization, Constitution of the World Health Organization, July 22, 1946 (14th edn. 1994).  http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/PDF/bd47/EN/constitution-en.pdf

 

World Health Organization, Violence Prevention, The Evidence: Promoting gender equality to prevent violence, 2009. http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/gender.pdf.