Creating programme frameworks

Conceptual frameworks, usually results or logic models, illustrate how the programming strategies identified will be operationalized and present the linkages between the specific activities planned and direct outputs with the broader outcomes and impact intended for a particular initiative.

Illustrative Example of Results Chain

Inputs	The resources required to implement a programme	Personnel (e.g. specialized staff for working with survivors/ on gender-based violence, trainers) Equipment (e.g. vehicles for reaching/transporting survivors, communications, supplies for post-rape care, forensic evidence collection, facility for receiving survivors, technology for records management) Funds
Processes	The activities undertaken	Public education on police services available and complaints mechanism for abuse of authority Training programmes for police personnel Development of institutional policies on abuse by personnel and response protocols
Outputs	The result of the activities	Number of police trained Trainings institutionalized in police academy curriculum Protocols in place and operationalized within stations Public information materials produced
Outcomes	The consequences of the programme	Improved police knowledge and capacity to respond to cases of violence against women increases proper documentation and referrals Public awareness of police obligations and services available to them increases reporting to police Reduced tolerance of violence against women among security personnel results in greater disciplinary penalties against non-compliant staff
Impacts	The ultimate achievement for the wider community	More effective and responsive security institutions and personnel that provide appropriate support and responses to women and girl survivors
Adapted from UNDP. 2002. “The Monitoring and Evaluation Framework”, Evaluation Office, and OECD. 2008. “Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice”

Programme models provide the foundation for developing monitoring frameworks, such as results frameworks or logframes, which outline indicators and targets for key outcomes and outputs, and ensure that a programme’s goal and objectives are clear and achievable. These frameworks can inform strategic planning and programme implementation and should be used to establish (during the design phase) and implement the programme’s Monitoring and Evaluation Plan.
Programme documents (e.g. concept note, plan, project memorandum or terms of reference) are useful for comprehensively capturing the results of the assessment and programme planning phase, and presenting the strategies and frameworks guiding a particular initiative. These may include details on how the programme will be implemented and what it hopes to achieve, usually covering: background on the initiative, its overall goal, key outputs and outcomes, implementation plan, including actors, institutional/management/financial arrangements and risks involved. See for example, UN Women. 2010. From Communities to Global Security Institutions: Engaging Women in Building Peace and Security 2009-12. New York; and Government of Pakistan/UNDP. 2006. Gender Justice through ‘Musalhiat Anjumana’ Proposal.” Islamabad.

Examples of different programme Logical Frameworks

Illustrative example of Logframe

Overall goals

Outcomes

Outputs

Activities

Indicators

Police service responsive to violence against women and girls

Case documentation is improved to support prosecution of cases
Increase in number of protection orders enforced
Women/girls have more positive experiences with the police

− Police officers trained in how to respond to and prevent violence against women and girls

− Police have increased knowledge and capacity to address violence against women and girls

1. Training sessions on gender-based violence (including prevention and response)

1. Case documentation system established and functioning

2. Proportion of protection orders enforced

3. Change in satisfaction with police services reported by women and girls’ over time

Improved personal security and enjoyment of rights for women serving in the military.

Increased representation of women in the military
Decrease in incidents of sexual harassment reported by female personnel

− Assessment study on recruitment procedures and possible entry points

− Development of policies and procedures to deal with sexual harassment

− Change of recruitment strategy to promote female recruitment.

1. Collect data/ reasons or motivations to apply inside/ outside the military.

2. Affirmative measures for female applicants.

3. Assessment study on incidents of sexual harassment.

1. Percentage increase in number of female applicants.

2. Percentage increase in number of female military staff.

3. Percentage reduction in number of sexual harassment and abuse cases reported

Adapted from: Nicola Popovic. 2008. “Security Sector Reform Assessment, Monitoring and Evaluation and Gender.” Gender and Security Sector Reform Toolkit. Eds. Megan Bastick and Kristin Valasek.: DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW. Geneva.

Illustrative Example (Excerpt adapted from Logframe: From Communities to Global Security Institutions: Engaging Women in Building Peace and Security- Liberia (DFID/ UN Women Programme, 2008-2013)

Programme Purpose: To ensure that women (including the most marginalized in conflict contexts) are able to contribute to and benefit from security measures and peace building, peacemaking processes at the community, national, regional and global levels
Indicator: Change in level of women’s and girls’ physical security at the community level in selected pilot countries of the programme (based on survey)
OUTPUT 2: Security Sector Reforms in Liberia create more secure environments for women by way of protection, access to justice and local reforms	Indicators (2 of 5 featured)	Baseline + year	Milestone 1	Milestone 2	Target + year	Sources
	Change in the number of community initiatives (in target communities) addressing SGBV that are initiated or supported by women’s organizations in select programme countries (checklist of initiatives will be developed, including co-policing, community safe house, women’s groups involvement in referral mechanisms, etc.)	2010	2011 At least 2 new community led interventions address SGBV in targeted communities and benefit at least 100 women in select programme countries	2012 At least 3 new community led interventions address SGBV in targeted communities and benefit at least 200 women in select countries	2013 At least 4 new community led interventions address SGBV in targeted communities and benefit at least 500 women in select countries	− Partner reports, − UN Women Programme Reports
		Assumptions: Presence of stable or semi-stable communities in which to operate
	Change in proportion of women on community police forums	Extent to which women are involved in community policing forums	10% increase in women involved in community policing forums	20% increase in women involved in community policing forums	Community policing forums are made up of 25% women	− UN Women reports, − administrative data from Police, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Interior and − CSO reports
		Assumptions: Training is accompanied by national advocacy; Training and advocacy translates into concrete commitments by Senior Management in Liberia National Police; a single institutional reform has the potential to improve the service delivery of hundreds of women; Simultaneous and complementary efforts at the national and global level to address conflict-related sexual violence

Activities Log

OUTPUTS	ACTIVITIES 2.1.1	Milestone 1	Milestone 2	Milestone 3	Monitoring Officer
1.1. Enhance community women’s capacity to demand effective police responses to women and girls’ security threats through increased women’s participation in community policing forums and /or through peace hut initiative	1.1.1. Integrate gender-specific confidence and trust building efforts at local level community policing forums, or other appropriate arenas, to enhance the police’s ability to respond to security concerns of women and girls	Mapping of community level protection initiatives in 2 communities	at least 2 new community initiatives to stop SGBV	At least 3 community initiatives to stop SGBV	Country Programme Manager, SOAP, LNP, MoGD
	1.1.2. Develop a programme to engage community men and traditional and faith-based authorities, in stopping violence against women via identifying role models , a mentorship programme with young men, outreach and counselling	Community level protection initiatives in 2 communities	At least 2 new community initiatives to stop SGBV	At least 3 community initiatives to stop SGBV	Country level Programme Manager, SOAP, LNP, NRWP, MoGD
1.2. Increased capacity of the police in the 4 focus counties to prevent, respond to, and file reports on SGBV crimes	1.2.1. Provide financial and technical support for a monthly meeting between the Local Community Service Officer, the Gender Focal Point, the Women and Children Protection Services Focal Point, and the women in the peace huts	Mapping of meeting schedules for peace huts women and different police units in community	at least 12 meetings between women and different police units held	at least 24 meetings held between women and the police units	Country Programme Managers, LNP, NRWP, MoGD
	1.2.2. Review police training curriculum for gender mainstreaming and train trainers in the police academy on the use of curriculum	Identify the different training curricular for review	Gender-responsive police training curriculum developed	20 trainers/ curriculum users trained in reviewed curriculum	Programme Manager, LNP, MoGD
	1.2.3. Support improved capacity for supervision and outreach to respond to women/girl’s security needs: (procurement of 8 motorcycles, 1/ station; 8 mobile phones for hotlines; vehicles for police; UN Women; 2 yearly spot checks by LNP and UN Women to ensure quality in use of hotline and motorcycles; and launch, midterm, final 4-county meeting to share experiences)	Number of motorcycles and hotlines in target communities	10% increase in use of motorbikes and hotlines	20% increase in use of motorbikes and hotlines	Global Programme Manager and Country Programme Manager
	1.2.4. Support review of Gender Policy of Liberia National Police, including possible south-south training exchange and possible use of DCAF self-assessment tool on gender mainstreaming	Multi-stakeholder consultation process set up	Gender Policy reviewed	Gender self assessment for LNP conducted; results shared	Programme Manager, DCAF, LNP, MoGD

Key Tools

Security Sector Reform (SSR) Assessment, Monitoring and Evaluation and Gender in the Gender and Security Sector Reform Toolkit (DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW, 2008). This tool is for those responsible for security sector and explores two dimensions of gender responsive assessments, monitoring and evaluation. The tool looks at existing SSR assessment frameworks, monitoring and evaluation strategies, and how to include a gender perspective in the different tools and approaches. It also covers gender mainstreaming initiatives in security sector institutions, including how to conduct a gender audit and M&E of gender mainstreaming. Available in English; French; and Indonesian;

Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice: (Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation, 2008). This toolkit is intended primarily for international actors, who provide assistance to the design, monitoring and evaluation of security sector reform programmes. It is also relevant for other stakeholders who wish to learn more about how to assess the effectiveness of security sector reform. The toolkit provides a general introduction on the principles and purposes of monitoring and evaluation, how to monitor and evaluate security sector reform programmes, and can be used at any point in the project, from programme design, implementation, and/or evaluation (separate). Available in English.

Inputs

Processes

Outputs

Outcomes

Activities Log